Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nourishment - Essay Example The Six Classes of Essential Nutrients Proteins, starches, water, lipids, minerals, and nutrients are the key fundamental supplements for the human body. Proteins sugars, water, and lipids are delegated macronutrients, while minerals and nutrients are named micronutrients (1). Insel et al, 2011, p.230, characterize proteins as â€Å"large atoms comprised of amino-acids participated in different sequences†. Along these lines different sorts of proteins are available in the human body in different shapes. In view of their shapes the few sorts of proteins include explicit jobs inside the human body. Some of them are compounds, and accelerate the numerous substance responses inside the body basic to its endurance. Some others go about as hormones. Hormones might be seen as compound detachments inside the human body. However different hormones go into the cosmetics of the antibodies of the human body to shield the human body from outside substances and pathogens. Some different pro teins go about as siphons inside the body to keep up liquid equalization. In this equalization keeping up process they siphon atoms across cell films and pull in water. The corrosive base parity in the body is kept up by the activity of proteins through the taking up or discharging of hydrogen particles, contingent upon the need. At long last, proteins go about as transporters for some, key substances like oxygen and the micronutrients to the focused on cells everywhere throughout the human body. The basic idea of proteins to the human body is in this manner clear (2). Insel et al, 2011, p.146, characterize starches as â€Å"organic aggravates that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in the proportion of two hydrogen iotas and one oxygen particle for each carbon atom.† The primary job of sugars in the body is to go about as a fuel for the cells in the human body. Despite the fact that the human body can utilize fats likewise for vitality purposes, sugars are the favored wellspring of vitality, especially for the mind, red platelets, sensory system, embryo, and placenta. Sugars additionally contain filaments that make it simpler for the entry of stools through the stomach related framework (2). Water is significant for the endurance of the human body. The water content in the human body is answerable for up to 75% of the heaviness of the human body. The significance of water to the human body lies in it being an excellent solute. In the human body water conveys a few broke up minerals as electrolytes. These electrolytes are kept up at a consistent equalization. The very presence of cells in the human body relies upon the support of the correct equalization of these electrolytes in water (2). Insel et al, 2011, p.182, depict lipids as â€Å"a wide scope of natural atoms that disintegrate effectively in natural solvents like liquor, ether, and CH3)2CO, yet are significantly less dissolvable in water.† Three fundamental sorts make up the lipids, which are triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. Lipids are a vitality hotspot for the body and when put away in the body as fat go about as vitality saves in the body for use when there is a hardship of sugar supplies to the body (2). Ball 2004, p. 8, characterizes nutrients as â€Å"a gathering of natural mixes which are basic in exceptionally modest quantities for the typical working of the body.† Vitamins as required for nourishment in the human body are thirteen in number and groups into water solvent nutrients and fat dissolvable nutrients. The water dissolvable vit

“Ethics in Policing” Essay

In The Ethics of Policing, John Kleinig presents a wide conversation of the moral issues that overpowered existing police association and individual cops. This discussion is set encircled by others that acquire the peruser to fundamental methodologies at present in help among moral rationalists (implicit understanding, neo-Kantian and utilitarianâ€though thought of the ongoing endeavors to broaden uprightness arranged moral speculations is deplorably missing) and to huge numbers of the huge inquiries presented in the quickly developing subfield of rehearsed morals, (for example, regardless of whether proficient morals are consistent with or in conflict with alleged â€Å"ordinary† morals). The conversations are reliably impartial, expansive and remarkably wealthy in detail. Kleinig sets out typologies of the sorts of power utilized by the police just as assortment of deceptive nature in which they sporadically connect with scope of contort work out, elective activities for considering police dependable, and such. He offers wide-running discussion of the job and history of police codes of morals, the progressions made on the individual existences of police, and the difficulties to police the board exterior by unionization and corroborative activity. To put it plainly, this book is significantly more than an index of police moral issues with reference for their solutionâ€it is that, obviously, yet it is additionally a starting to proficient morals when all is said in done, an expressive arranging of significant existing good hypotheses, a diagram of the key lawful choices influencing police work, and a rich portrayal, both understanding and fundamental of the police officer’s world. Kleinig focuses on his subject with an enormous thought of morals, one that runs from careful issues, (for example, police judgment and utilization of power), through regular issues, (for example, the morals of deluding strategies and the idea of untrustworthiness), to consideration of the impacts of police deal with police officers’ moral fiber, (for example, the unfortunate tendency of police to doubt and antagonistic vibe), right to authoritative trouble, (for example, those about the course of action of answerability and the status of informants). Directly through his rich and caring discussion, it appears as though the trouble of moral policing is only that of how the police can ethically complete the activity they are allotting and placing into impact the laws they are outfitted to actualize. Kleinig thinks about that huge numbers of the moral issues confronting the police have their motivation in (or are at any rate upheld and helped by) the pattern of police to value their own job as that of law authorities or â€Å"crime-warriors. † This advances over trust on the utilization of power, overwhelmingly deadly power and upgrades police officers’ feeling of threatening vibe from the general public they are pledged to serve. Besides, this mental self view makes police suspicious of, antagonistic to, and generally unhelpful with police organizations enlivened projects, for example, â€Å"community policing†Ã¢â‚¬that expect to update the police into a progressively fathomable association. Amusingly, the police mental self portrait as â€Å"crime-fighters† proceed even with handy investigations indicating that law requirement in essence, the connecting with and getting of crooks, takes up just few police officers’ work time. Substantially more time is in reality spent by the police doing things like group and traffic sorting out, question goals, managing clinical catastrophes, and so forth. Consider Kleinig’s contention of police contemptibility. Kleinig takes up Lawrence Sherman’s see that permitting police to consent to a free mug of espresso at a cafe begins the official on an elusive incline toward increasingly genuine unite in light of the fact that, thinking he has acknowledged a free mug of espresso makes it hard for the official to stand firm when a barkeep who is in real life after lawful shutting hours presents him a drinkâ€and this thus will make it harder to oppose yet progressively genuine endeavors to pay off the official to not implement the law. Sherman at that point proposes that the best way to battle debasement is to dispose of the sorts of laws, above all else bad habit laws that give the most grounded bait to defilement of both police and lawbreakers. Contrary to Sherman’s see, Kleinig accept sthat of Michael Feldberg, who contend that police can and do separates between minor tips and pay-offs. Kleinig assent. Kleinig takes debasement to be a subject of its thought process (to distort the completing of equity for individual or hierarchical additions) moderately than of specific habits. This is a decent distinction that permits Kleinig to withdraw degenerate practices from other morally tricky practices, for example, taking gratuitiesâ€of which the free mug of espresso is a model. Citing Feldberg, Kleinig composes that â€Å"what makes a blessing a tip is the explanation it is given; what makes it debasement is the explanation it is taken† (Kleining, 1996, 178). Tips are given with the expectation that they will urge the police to visit the association that give them, and unquestionably, the police will regularly stop at the cafe that gives them a free mug of espresso. Subsequently, Kleinig follows Feldberg in theory that recieving espresso isn't right since it will in general bring police into the espresso offering business and in this way resentful the majority rule estimation of impartial circulation of police assurance. Kleinig takes up the topic of ensnarement by first taking into account the supposed emotional and target advances to deciding when it has happened. On the abstract methodology, ensnarement has occurred if the administration has attached the aim to perpetrate the wrongdoing in the defendant’s mind. So certain, the resistance of entanglement is survived if the legislature can show that the respondent previously had (at any rate) the viewpoint to play out the kind of wrongdoing of which he is presently accused. On the goal approach, anything the goal or manner of the genuine litigant, entanglement has arised if the government’s commitment is of such a character, that it would have made a generally well behaved individual to carry out a wrongdoing. Kleinig censures the emotional methodology by demonstrating that the conduct of an administration cause that establishes entanglement would not do as such on the off chance that it had been finished by an arranged resident. In this way, the abstract methodology neglects to explain why entanglement just transfer to activities performed by government implies. For this grounds, some go to the target approach with its weight on ill-advised government activity. In any case, as Kleinig skilfully appears, this methodology experience from the issue of illuminating what the legislature must do to, so to talk, â€Å"create† a wrongdoing. It can't be that the administration specialist was the sine qua non of the wrongdoing since that would preclude legitimate police doesn't tempt tasks; nor would it be able to be that the administration operator basically made the wrongdoing simpler since that would preclude even undisruptive demonstrations of giving open data. The target approach appears to be founded on close to basically questionable instinctive decisions about when police activity is inordinate or offensive. The explanation is that this record is powerless to a similar restriction that Kleinig brought up in resistance to the abstract approachâ€it neglects to clarify why ensnarement just identifies with activities did by an administration specialist. Positively, the issue goes further in light of the fact that Kleinig’s account guesses that administration activity has a specific status. As Kleinig point to, similar activities done by a private resident would not contain entanglement. It follows that activities done by an administration operator can messy the evidentiary picture, while similar activities done by a private resident would not. Yet, at that point, we despite everything need to know why entanglement alludes just to activities completed by government specialists. To answer this, Kleinig must give more capacity to the objectivist approach than he does. At the point when it accomplishes more s Kleinig notes yet neglects to incorporate into his accountâ€the government â€Å"becomes an analyzer of ethicalness as opposed to an indicator of crime† (Kleining, 1996, 161). To be sure, much reasonable wrongdoing battling isn't right since it doesn't so much battle violations as it battles hoodlums, accepting them as though they were an inconspicuous adversary who should be drawn out into the open up and make strides. Similarly as with defilement, I can't help thinking that Kleinig has estimated capture with dynamic criminal equity practice taken as given and accordingly, naturally, as not representing a stand up to moral policing. Kleinig proposes that as an option of law implementers or wrongdoing warriors, police should be consider and consider themselvesâ€as â€Å"social peacekeepers,† just piece of whose errand is to placed into impact the law, however whose bigger assignment is to expel the obstacle to the even and pacific progression of public activity. (Kleining, 1996, 27ff) Kleinig’s difference for critical the police job as social peacekeeping has three sections. The initial segment is the appreciation that, while social understanding hypotheses lead to the possibility of the police as just law implementers, the data is that we have (as I have just noted) in every case likely the police to assume a bigger job, dealing with a huge assorted variety of the obstruction to calm public activity. The second piece of the squabble is that the possibility of the police as peacekeepers, in totaling to proportional whatever police basically do, resounds satisfactorily with training, in demanding with the possibility of the â€Å"king’s peace,† the association of which may be thought of as the ancestor of modem criminal equity convention. Kleinig thinks will spill out of this assuming of the police job: a less confounded, increasingly supportive and conciliating connection between the police and the general public; a conservative reliance on the utilization of power, especially deadly power, to the point that power is located as just a last option among the numerous belongings open to the p

Charles Willard Moore - essays

Charles Willard Moore - articles Moore blended high design and high camp in with merry forsake (Filler 52). At the point when he kicked the bucket in 1993 of a coronary failure at age 68, companions and admirers commended his work and achievements saying that he left a living heritage in the a huge number of planners he prepared and enlivened. He was likewise portrayed as the most powerful design educator (most quite Yale for a long time and the University of California at Los Angeles) of his age. Not at all like numerous other star engineers he was additionally an extraordinary educator, and for more than forty years he bestowed his tremendous information and energetic convictions with unmatched insight, delicacy, and joy to ages of understudies (Filler-1994 52). For over forty years, Moore imparted his vision to understudies that there is no higher reason for a modeler than to make homes and open places that can fulfill and comfort individuals, just as give an advantage environment in which one's internal life can be fulfilled alongside the physical requirement for safe house and solace. During his profession, he delivered twelve books, and dissimilar to most books on engineering composed by draftsmen, he delineated that it was conceivable to have a bigger vision about structure other than the craving to be new, extraordinary, or remarkable. He was an essayist who was likewise a draftsman as opposed to the typical planner who figures he can compose. The most essential and intriguing of his books is The Place of Houses, composed with Gerald Allen and Donlyn Lyndon (his books consistently had co-writers) and distributed in 1974 (Filler-1996 80). Moore was the average California and is most popular work for his major work found along the bank of California from Los Angeles to his Sea Ranch on the Mendocino coast north of San Francisco, a milestone of naturally delicate plan worked during the 1960s. His work ranges from the protester Faculty Club at the University of California at Santa Barbara to the University of California a... <!

Effects of Technology on Social Groups Essay

The rise of innovation has realized distinctive social impacts. Some have lost while others have picked up from the innovation. An incredible piece of innovation includes working with machines and this has come about into less human work and the majority of the individuals have been rendered jobless by the machines. This is a negative impact on the social gathering that was cooperating since some must be laid off to give route for the machines. A few people have gotten wealthier while others have gotten poor and this has made a hole between the two gatherings. This has changed the desires for some individuals in the social condition (Langdon, 1986). For the individuals who have concentrated how to function with the machines they are appreciating and drawing nearer to their social gatherings. Individuals can simple work from home and this has made working simpler. Social gatherings can cooperate on the web and they can even share a system. The majority of the innovation lies in the PC and through the PC; individuals can without much of a stretch talk with every one of their companions in the social sites. Individuals likewise discover life partners and lost companions on the web and this is a value of innovation since individuals stay in contact in any event, when they are a long way from one another (English-Lueck 1998). In social gatherings like families, innovation has prompted separations of close family ties sine the relatives can impart by sending an email and talking. They feel that they are near their family members in any event, when they are in inaccessible places subsequently they try not to travel home. This has made a large portion of the guardians to lose command over their kids. This is a manner by which innovation has made opportunity for the youthful age (Ruth. 1989). References 1. Ruth Schwartz Cohen, (1989), More work for mother; The Ironies of Household Technology from the open hearth to the Microwave, London, Free Association Books 2. Langdon Winner, (1986), The Whale and the Reactor; A Search for Limits during a time of High Technology, Chicago, University of Chicago press 3. J. A. English-Lueck, (1998), Technology and Social Change; The impacts of family and network recovered October 31, 2008 from site; http://www. sjsu. edu/depts/human studies/svcp/SVCPcosa. html

UK Corporate Governance Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UK Corporate Governance Code - Essay Example Thus, the governing body of an organization, which is a definitive dynamic authority of an organization, has been compelled to turn out to be increasingly responsible to the investors. In any case, the present Combined Code on Corporate Governance has been all the more a response to overall business outrages instead of being an expert dynamic measure that guarantees business authenticity (Porter, 2009). Despite this reality, there has been a lot of progress made toward guaranteeing responsibility and straightforwardness, particularly in Britain. It began with the arrangement of the Corporate Governance Code in the mid 1990s. Thus, in the underneath segments we study the Code and the authoritative system in its current frame and decide its viability despite present day embarrassments and monetary failures. UK Corporate Governance Code Since the 1970s, there has been an expanded measure of spotlight on corporate administration. This may to a great extent be ascribed to the improvement of huge global organizations; nonetheless, the procedure is still moving. As a result, a portion of the governing body of recorded organizations, who structure the most remarkable body in the organization, of the US and UK are required to be non-official. The CEO is not, at this point the sole leader of the organization and offers obligations with the non-official chiefs. Creating an autonomous environment where all viewpoints can be incorporated has been stretched out through various measures as a power for good in the economy. The go along or clarify guideline which is one of the primary highlights of the Code has its underlying foundations in the Cadbury Committee or the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance report of 1992. Initially arrangement to think of suggestions for money related examining and other budgetary issues because of the outrages including the Polly Peck and Robert Maxwell organizations, the Cadbury Committee headed by Sir Adrian Cadbury made four significant proposals. These were as for the governing body, non - official chiefs, official executives and revealing and control instruments. In any case, these were not obligatory and the organizations were allowed to follow their own course since it was resolved that a legalistic approach would bring about consistence just to a base fundamental level that nullified the primary points of the Code. It was additionally felt that a one size fits all recipe must not be received and that organizations must be permitted the alternative to pick their own course that fulfills their special necessities. Therefore there was the Greenbury Report of 1998 that managed the compensation of executives issue (Barker, 2008). The Code experienced a critical audit in 1998 when Sir Ronnie Hampel was accused of the obligation of approving the viability of the existent Code. It was suggested that there was no requirement for radical or progressive changes, rather the standards should have been str etched out to nitty gritty measures for the recorded organizations to actualize. This was known as the Combined Code on Corporate Governance which contained two degrees of prescriptive practices, one of which was a lot of nitty gritty arrangements and the other was a lot of open - finished standards. The organizations were also required to introduce a two level announcement of the consistence of the above measures in their yearly report. The Code experienced another audit in 2003 after the Higgs and Smith report which included another layer of consistence standards to the current Code. It was comprised of high †level fundamental standards, mid â€

Injured soldiers we care true story!

Injured soldiers â€" we care â€" true story! This heart-warming, true story was written by Ronnie Polaneczky, a columnist for the Philadelphia Daily News, and ran on page 6 of that paper on Dec. 22, 2005.It started last Christmas, when Bennett and Vivian Levin were overwhelmed by sadness while listening to radio reports of injured American troops.“We have to let them know we care,” Vivian told Bennett. So they organized a trip to bring soldiers from Walter Reed Army Medical Center and Bethesda Naval Hospital to the annual Army-Navy football game in Philly, on Dec. 3. The cool part is, they created their own train line to do it.Yes, there are people in this country who actually own real trains. Bennett Levin native Philly guy, self-made millionaire and irascible former LI commish is one of them.He has three luxury rail cars. Think mahogany paneling, plush seating and white-linen dining areas. He also has two locomotives, which he stores at his Juniata Park train yard. One car, the elegant Pennsylvania, carried John F. Ken nedy to the Army-Navy game in 1961 and ´62. Later, it carried his brother Bobby ´s body to D.C. for burial.“That ´s a lot of history for one car,” says Bennett.He and Vivian wanted to revive a tradition that endured from 1936 to 1975, during which trains carried Army-Navy spectators from around the country directly to the stadium where the annual game is played.The Levins could think of no better passengers to reinstate the ceremonial ride than the wounded men and women recovering at Walter Reed in D.C. and Bethesda, in Maryland.“We wanted to give them a first-class experience,” says Bennett. “Gourmet meals on board, private transportation from the train to the stadium, perfect seats real hero treatment.”Through the Army War College Foundation, of which he is a trustee, Bennett met with Walter Reed ´s commanding general, who loved the idea. But Bennett had some ground rules first, all designed to keep the focus on the troops alone: No press on the trip, lest the soldie rs ´ day of pampering devolve into a media circus. No politicians either, because, says Bennett, “I didn ´t want some idiot making this trip into a campaign photo op.” And no Pentagon suits on board, otherwise the soldiers would be too busy saluting superiors to relax. The general agreed to the conditions, and Bennett realized he had a problem on his hands. “I had to actually make this thing happen,” he laughs.Over the next months, he recruited owners of 15 other sumptuous rail cars from around the country these people tend to know each other into lending their vehicles for the day.The name of their temporary train? The Liberty Limited.Amtrak volunteered to transport the cars to D.C. where they ´d be coupled together for the round-trip ride to Philly then back to their owners later.Conrail offered to service the Liberty while it was in Philly. And SEPTA drivers would bus the disabled soldiers 200 yards from the train to Lincoln Financial Field, for the game. A benefactor from the War College ponied up 100 seats to the game on the 50-yard line and lunch in a hospitality suite.And corporate donors filled, for free and without asking for publicity, goodie bags for attendees: From Woolrich, stadium blankets. From Wal-Mart, digital cameras. From Nikon, field glasses. From GEAR, down jackets. There was booty not just for the soldiers, but for their guests, too, since each was allowed to bring a friend or family member.The Marines, though, declined the offer. “They voted not to take guests with them, so they could take more Marines,” says Levin, choking up at the memory. Bennett ´s an emotional guy, so he was worried about how he ´d react to meeting the 88 troops and guests at D.C. ´s Union Station, where the trip originated. Some GIs were missing limbs. Others were wheelchair-bound or accompanied by medical personnel for the day. “They made it easy to be with them,” he says. “They were all smiles on the ride to Philly. Not an ounce of self-pi ty from any of them. They ´re so full of life and determination.”At the stadium, the troops reveled in the game, recalls Bennett. Not even Army ´s lopsided loss to Navy could deflate the group ´s rollicking mood. Afterward, it was back to the train and yet another gourmet meal heroes get hungry, says Levin before returning to Walter Reed and Bethesda. “The day was spectacular,” says Levin. “It was all about these kids. It was awesome to be part of it.”The most poignant moment for the Levins was when 11 Marines hugged them goodbye, then sang them the Marine Hymn on the platform at Union Station. “One of the guys was blind, but he said, I can ´t see you, but man, you must be (expletive) beautiful! ´ ” says Bennett. “I got a lump so big in my throat, I couldn ´t even answer him.” It ´s been three weeks, but the Levins and their guests are still feeling the day ´s love. “My Christmas came early,” says Levin, who is Jewish and who loves the Christmas season. “I can ´t describe the feeling in the air.”Maybe it was hope. As one guest wrote in a thank-you note to Bennett and Vivian, “The fond memories generated last Saturday will sustain us all whatever the future may bring.”God bless the Levins. And bless the troops, every one.By Ronnie Polaneczky Reprinted from Philadelphia Daily NewsPhotos:

Quantitative Analysis for Football Managers - Free Essay Example

This article appeared in Corporate page of The Edge Malaysia, Issue 814, July 12 18, 2010 Quantitative Analysis†¦ for football managers By Jasvin Josen In the heat of the world cup it is worthy to reflect on how football has impacted the financial world and what it could mean for the future. The amount of money generated by the football industry grew exponentially in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and has been steadily growing since. Record-breaking financial deals have been negotiated between football clubs and players they sign. With the fast moving pace of the industry, clubs and players are bound to undergo some sort of financial advancement into the future. Shares in clubs are a reality now. Eventually, players will want to establish themselves as corporations and to issue shares in themselves. Sooner or later, it would make financial sense to hedge clubs or players’ performance with derivatives. Thus there is a real need to quantitatively evaluate a football player, to understand his value adding potential, and to put a price upon that capacity. Existing conditions already show a growing need to measure the value of a football player. Chelsea spent ? 24m for Didier Drogba in 2004. Real Madrid spent ? 80 million on Cristiano Ronaldo in June 2009. We can only guess what the price may be for Lionel Messi if he leaves Barcelona. Yet at times, this spending is claimed to have contributed to financial problems, especially when the players do not sustain their success bringing about their subsequent sale by the club at a loss. Moreover, instability came about in the football industry when the European Union (EU) legislation extended the right of free movement of labour enjoyed by other EU citizens to footballers. Formerly a player was a property of the club but now he is an employee like any other in the EU, working with a contract, and entitled to give due notice to leave that contract. Many see a strong link between this change in legislation and the increase in transfer fees of players. It is becoming more difficult for clubs to continue meeting rising wage demands while having to satisfy owners’ or shareholders’ aspirations and maintaining their performance on the pitch. For both the above situations, an accurate assessment of players would help to ensure that huge financial outlays actually bring value to the club. There is very little financial literature on how to value football players, except for a very interesting paper in the Review of Financial Economics in 2005 titled â€Å"An option pricing framework for valuation of football players† by R. Tunaru, E. Clark and H. Viney. The Opta Index The valuation centres on a performance indices such as the Carling Opta Index (https://www. chairboys. ndirect. co. k/onthenet/opta/opta_index_april2000. htm). This index, calculated specifically for footballers, uses many important statistical records such as: -The number of minutes played -The number of goals scored from action -The number of goals scored from free kicks, including penalties -The number of goals scored with a header -The number of assists -The number of good passes in the opposition half and in his own half -The number of bad passes in the opposition half and in his own half -the number of yellow and red cards received -the number of successful crosses ingenious executions -missed clear chances and so on, the list is by no means exhaustive. The Opta idex was established in 1996 as a quantitative indicator of the form of the player. It is already being used in the betting industry, the media and fantasy games. A player earns a total number of points called the Game Score. The Index score is then simply calculated as the total number of points from the last six Game Scores. It is a moving average type of statistical measure; with any new match, the previous oldest match is removed from the calculation. Valuing the player The intention here is for the reader to get a good idea of the key parameters involved in the valuation model, without getting into the details of the equations and problem solving methods. Aptly, this is a model of 2 halves. The first half (or parameter) is the value (in money) for a single Opta index point for the club that is interested in buying the player (let us call this X). Intuitively X will depend on the club’s turnover and the Opta index generated by all its players. In other words, X is simply the ratio of the club’s turnover to the sum of Opta Index points of its players. One point of note here is that the quality of teamwork amongst the players could very well push this total higher or lower than just the sum of the individual players. For example Germany in the present world cup, with its seamless teamwork, and relative unknown players, would definitely command a higher number of index points than just its quantitative total. Through the years, analysing several clubs, it has been observed that the club’s Opta index points show no specific pattern. In fact the performance over time looks very much like random movements with an upward drift; an example of such possible path is shown in Chart 1. Chart 1 : Example of a random movement path with upward drift The second parameter is the number of Opta Index points for the individual player under evaluation (let us call this N). The movement of the player’s index points over time also exhibits a random movement with an upward drift except that there is an additional consideration for injuries. The injury is empirically observed to make the random process â€Å"jump† downwards, an example of such path is in Chart 2. Chart 2: Example of a random movement path with upward drift and downward jumps Both N and X is modelled with the respective random elements, drifts and jumps accordingly to produce a sort of forecast (or function) of their performances. Now to obtain the value of the football player, we just multiply the player’s index points (N) with the value of a single index point of the club in question (X). Hence, both the functions of N and X will be incorporated into a new function, Y to reflect the value of the footballer. Based on the numerous simulated paths that function Y could take, a kind of an average value for the player is determined. The last step is then just to discount this value to arrive at its present value. Conclusion The quantitative valuation described above is the first step in the direction of independent valuation of football players. While this is just the beginning, and there will definitely be a need to consider other factors as the football market scene progresses, it does look like the game is afoot.